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Ground Physics

Comparing Conduction & Polarization

Applied Electric Field (E)

Set to 0 for a steady DC field.

Material Properties

Controls how easily free charges flow (EM Induction).

Controls how easily bound molecules stretch (GPR).

Class Questions:

  • What happens to the molecules when you increase Permittivity (ε)?
  • If you set Frequency to 0 (DC), which particles keep moving forever? Which stop?
Applied Electric Field (E)
E = 0.0

Conduction Current Density (Flow)

Free electrons/ions moving continuously through the material.

J = σE
Current Flow (J): 0.0

Electric Displacement (Polarization)

Bound molecules (dipoles) stretching in place. They do not flow.

D = εE
Polarization (D): 0.0