Citation ======== If PyHydroGeophysX contributes to your research, please cite the software paper. The numerical engines underneath do the actual computation, so please also cite the ones your analysis ran. Cite the software ----------------- - Chen, H., Niu, Q., and Wu, Y. (2026). *PyHydroGeophysX: An Extensible Open-Source Platform for Integrating Hydrological Models with Geophysical Measurements*. SoftwareX, in press. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6238293 Cite this one for any use of the package. - Chen, H. (2026). *A Generalizable Automated Geophysical Agent Workflow for Accessible Subsurface Hydrology Analysis*. Big Data and Earth System, 100042. Cite this one as well if you used the :doc:`AI-assisted workflows `. - Chen, H., Niu, Q., Mendieta, A., Bradford, J., and McNamara, J. (2023). Geophysics-informed hydrologic modeling of a mountain headwater catchment for studying hydrological partitioning in the critical zone. *Water Resources Research*, 59(12), e2023WR035280. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035280 Cite this one for work that uses geophysical observations to inform a hydrological model, which is the last step of the :doc:`model-data loop `. BibTeX entries for the three references above are in the `project README `_. Cite GeoSAGE ------------ If your analysis uses the optional :doc:`GeoSAGE assistant ` for joint gravity–magnetic inversion, pseudo-geological modeling or geological interpretation, please also cite: - Fang, Z., Yang, P., Liu, Y., Feng, D., & Chen, H. (2026). GeoSAGE: A Multi-Agent Workflow for Geological Reasoning From Joint Gravity and Magnetic Inversion Models. *Computers & Geosciences*, 106282. The source code and workflow documentation are available at `ZhengyangFang/GeoSAGE `_. Cite the engines you used ------------------------- .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 38 62 * - If your analysis used - Please also cite * - ERT or seismic refraction forward modelling and inversion - Rücker, C., Günther, T., and Wagner, F. M. (2017). pyGIMLi. *Computers and Geosciences*, 109, 106-123. * - Differentiable time-lapse ERT (``engine="adtlert"``) - Yang, P., Fang, Z., Liu, Y., Su, X., Feng, D., and Chen, H. (2026). ADTLERT. arXiv:2608.14661. * - ERT data processing and quality control - Blanchy, G., Saneiyan, S., Boyd, J., McLachlan, P., and Binley, A. (2020). ResIPy. *Computers and Geosciences*, 137, 104423. * - ERT reciprocal errors and the reciprocal error model (the ERT page's Reciprocal errors tab, or data errors taken from the reciprocal error model) - Slater, L., Binley, A. M., Daily, W., and Johnson, R. (2000). Cross-hole electrical imaging of a controlled saline tracer injection. *Journal of Applied Geophysics*, 44(2-3), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(00)00002-1; Koestel, J., Kemna, A., Javaux, M., Binley, A., and Vereecken, H. (2008). Quantitative imaging of solute transport in an unsaturated and undisturbed soil monolith with 3-D ERT and TDR. *Water Resources Research*, 44(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006755 * - R2 or R3t inversions (``engine="r2"`` or ``engine="r3t"``, single surveys or time-lapse) - Binley, A. and Slater, L. (2020). *Resistivity and Induced Polarization: Theory and Applications to the Near-Surface Earth*. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108685955; Binley, A. (2015). Tools and Techniques: Electrical Methods. In *Treatise on Geophysics* (2nd ed.), 233-259. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00192-5; Binley, A. and Kemna, A. (2005). DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods. In *Hydrogeophysics*, 129-156. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_5 * - A time-lapse series inverted by R2 or R3t (their difference inversion) - LaBrecque, D. J. and Yang, X. (2001). Difference inversion of ERT data: a fast inversion method for 3-D in situ monitoring. *Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics*, 6(2), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG6.2.83 * - E4D inversions (``engine="e4d"``, single surveys or time-lapse), E4D-style 3-D meshes (the 3D Mesh Builder's E4D engine), E4D mesh configurations, or E4D meshes imported for inversion - Johnson, T. C., Versteeg, R. J., Ward, A., Day-Lewis, F. D., and Revil, A. (2010). Improved hydrogeophysical characterization and monitoring through parallel modeling and inversion of time-domain resistivity and induced-polarization data. *Geophysics*, 75(4), WA27-WA41. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3475513; Johnson, T. C., Robinson, J. R., White, S. K., Zue, Y., and Jaysaval, P. (2020). *E4D User Guide*. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. https://e4d-userguide.pnnl.gov * - A mesh built with TetGen (the E4D engine's mesher) - Si, H. (2015). TetGen, a Delaunay-based quality tetrahedral mesh generator. *ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software*, 41(2), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1145/2629697 * - A mesh built with Gmsh (the 3D Mesh Builder's Gmsh engine, with zones cut in by its OpenCASCADE kernel, or Gmsh standing in for TetGen) - Geuzaine, C. and Remacle, J.-F. (2009). Gmsh: a 3-D finite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities. *International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering*, 79(11), 1309-1331. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2579 * - TDEM or FDEM forward modelling and inversion - Cockett, R., Kang, S., Heagy, L. J., Pidlisecky, A., and Oldenburg, D. W. (2015). SimPEG. *Computers and Geosciences*, 85, 142-154. * - MT time-series processing (``mt.process_mt``) - Egbert, G. D. and Booker, J. R. (1986). Robust estimation of geomagnetic transfer functions. *Geophysical Journal International*, 87(1), 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04552.x; Egbert, G. D. (1997). Robust multiple-station magnetotelluric data processing. *Geophysical Journal International*, 130(2), 475-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05663.x; with a remote reference, Gamble, T. D., Goubau, W. M., and Clarke, J. (1979). Magnetotellurics with a remote magnetic reference. *Geophysics*, 44(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440923; with leverage weights, Chave, A. D. and Thomson, D. J. (2004). Bounded influence magnetotelluric response function estimation. *Geophysical Journal International*, 157(3), 988-1006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02203.x; with jackknife errors, Chave, A. D. and Thomson, D. J. (1989). Some comments on magnetotelluric response function estimation. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 94(B10), 14215-14225. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB10p14215; with coherence presorting, Egbert, G. D. and Livelybrooks, D. W. (1996). Single station magnetotelluric impedance estimation: Coherence weighting and the regression M-estimate. *Geophysics*, 61(4), 964-970. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444045; with multitaper spectra, Thomson, D. J. (1982). Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis. *Proceedings of the IEEE*, 70(9), 1055-1096. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1982.12433; with multi-window stacking, Ernst, T., Sokolova, E. Yu., Varentsov, Iv. M., and Golubev, N. G. (2001). Comparison of two techniques for magnetotelluric data processing using synthetic data sets. *Acta Geophysica Polonica*, 49(2), 213-243; with noise classes, Chen, H. (2020). Study on the processing method of magnetotelluric impedance estimation for non-Gaussian noise. Undergraduate thesis, Central South University, and McCulloch, J. H. (1986). Simple consistent estimators of stable distribution parameters. *Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation*, 15(4), 1109-1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918608812563 * - MT 1D inversion (``mt.occam1d``), with or without a TEM sounding for the static shift - Constable, S. C., Parker, R. L., and Constable, C. G. (1987). Occam's inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data. *Geophysics*, 52(3), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442303; Wait, J. R. (1954). On the relation between telluric currents and the Earth's magnetic field. *Geophysics*, 19(2), 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437994; with TEM, Meju, M. A. (1996). Joint inversion of TEM and distorted MT soundings: Some effective practical considerations. *Geophysics*, 61(1), 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443956, and Sternberg, B. K., Washburne, J. C., and Pellerin, L. (1988). Correction for the static shift in magnetotellurics using transient electromagnetic soundings. *Geophysics*, 53(11), 1459-1468. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442426 * - MT 1D inversion for azimuthal anisotropy (``mt.occam1d_anisotropic``) - Pek, J. and Santos, F. A. M. (2002). Magnetotelluric impedances and parametric sensitivities for 1-D anisotropic layered media. *Computers & Geosciences*, 28(8), 939-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(02)00014-6, with Occam's inversion (Constable et al. 1987, above) * - MT 2D profile inversion (``mt.invert_profile``) - SimPEG (Cockett et al. 2015, above) * - MT phase tensor, skew and strike (``mt.phase_tensor``) - Caldwell, T. G., Bibby, H. M., and Brown, C. (2004). The magnetotelluric phase tensor. *Geophysical Journal International*, 158(2), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02281.x * - EMTF XML files (``mt.read_emtf_xml``, ``mt.write_emtf_xml``) - Kelbert, A. (2020). EMTF XML: New data interchange format and conversion tools for electromagnetic transfer functions. *Geophysics*, 85(1), F1-F17. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0679.1 * - The example MT site NMX20 (``examples/data/MT``) - Schultz, A., Pellerin, L., Bedrosian, P., Kelbert, A., and Crosbie, J. (2020-2023). USMTArray South Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions. Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.17611/DP/EMTF/USMTARRAY/SOUTH; Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (2011). Data Services Products: EMTF, The Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions. https://doi.org/10.17611/DP/EMTF.1 (CC BY 4.0) * - Shallow seismic air-wave statics, CMP stacking and velocity analysis (``data_processing.seismic_shallow``) - Maeda, N. (1985). A method for reading and checking phase time in auto-processing system of seismic wave data. *Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan, 2nd ser.)*, 38(3), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.4294/zisin1948.38.3_365; Mayne, W. H. (1962). Common reflection point horizontal data stacking techniques. *Geophysics*, 27(6), 927-938. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439118; Dix, C. H. (1955). Seismic velocities from surface measurements. *Geophysics*, 20(1), 68-86. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438126; Neidell, N. S. and Taner, M. T. (1971). Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data. *Geophysics*, 36(3), 482-497. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440186; Steeples, D. W. and Miller, R. D. (1998). Avoiding pitfalls in shallow seismic reflection surveys. *Geophysics*, 63(4), 1213-1224. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444422 * - GPR reading and processing (``data_processing.gpr``, the GPR page): file layouts and processing steps after GPRPy, readgssi, ImpDAR and RGPR - Plattner, A. M. (2020). GPRPy: Open-source ground-penetrating radar processing and visualization software. *The Leading Edge*, 39(5), 332-337. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle39050332.1; Nesbitt, I., Simon, F.-X., Paulin, T., Hoffmann, F., and teshaw (2018-2022). readgssi: an open-source tool to read and plot GSSI ground-penetrating radar data. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1439119; Lilien, D. A., Hills, B. H., Driscol, J., Jacobel, R., and Christianson, K. (2020). ImpDAR: an open-source impulse radar processor. *Annals of Glaciology*, 61(81), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.44; Huber, E. and Hans, G. (2018). RGPR - An open-source package to process and visualize GPR data. *17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar*, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2018.8441658 * - GPR F-K migration (``gpr.migrate``) - Stolt, R. H. (1978). Migration by Fourier transform. *Geophysics*, 43(1), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440826 * - Permittivity from water content and porosity by CRIM (``gpr.crim_permittivity``, the GPR page's example line) - Birchak, J. R., Gardner, C. G., Hipp, J. E., and Victor, J. M. (1974). High dielectric constant microwave probes for sensing soil moisture. *Proceedings of the IEEE*, 62(1), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1974.9388; Roth, K., Schulin, R., Flühler, H., and Attinger, W. (1990). Calibration of time domain reflectometry for water content measurement using a composite dielectric approach. *Water Resources Research*, 26(10), 2267-2273. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i010p02267 * - MODFLOW, read or written through FloPy - Bakker, M., Post, V., Langevin, C. D., Hughes, J. D., White, J. T., Starn, J. J., and Fienen, M. N. (2016). *Groundwater*, 54(5), 733-739. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12413; Langevin, C. D., Hughes, J. D., Banta, E. R., Provost, A. M., Niswonger, R. G., and Panday, S. (2017). *MODFLOW 6 Modular Hydrologic Model*. U.S. Geological Survey Software. https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1VQV; Langevin, C. D., Hughes, J. D., Banta, E. R., Niswonger, R. G., Panday, S., and Provost, A. M. (2017). *Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Flow Model*. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A55. https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A55 * - ParFlow outputs or written ParFlow inputs - Kollet, S. J. and Maxwell, R. M. (2006). Integrated surface-groundwater flow modeling: A free-surface overland flow boundary condition in a parallel groundwater flow model. *Advances in Water Resources*, 29(7), 945-958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.08.006; Maxwell, R. M. (2013). A terrain-following grid transform and preconditioner for parallel, large-scale, integrated hydrologic modeling. *Advances in Water Resources*, 53, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.10.001. * - ATS outputs (``ATSSaturation``, ``ATSWaterContent``, ...) - The code, as ATS asks in all works: Coon, E. T., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A. L., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D. R., Manzini, G., Shelef, E., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, J. D., Karra, S., Painter, S. L., Jafarov, E., and Molins, S. (2020). *Advanced Terrestrial Simulator*, version 1.0. U.S. Department of Energy. https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20190911.1; and for watershed hydrology, Coon, E. T., Moulton, J. D., Kikinzon, E., Berndt, M., Manzini, G., Garimella, R., Lipnikov, K., and Painter, S. L. (2020). Coupling surface flow and subsurface flow in complex soil structures using mimetic finite differences. *Advances in Water Resources*, 144, 103701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103701 * - PFLOTRAN outputs (``PFLOTRANSaturation``, ``PFLOTRANWaterContent``, ...) - The references PFLOTRAN asks users to cite: Hammond, G. E., Lichtner, P. C., and Mills, R. T. (2014). Evaluating the performance of parallel subsurface simulators: An illustrative example with PFLOTRAN. *Water Resources Research*, 50(1), 208-228. https://doi.org/10.1002/2012WR013483; Lichtner, P. C., Hammond, G. E., Lu, C., Karra, S., Bisht, G., Andre, B., Mills, R. T., Kumar, J., and Frederick, J. M. (2020). *PFLOTRAN User Manual*. http://documentation.pflotran.org; and the PFLOTRAN web page (same authors, 2020), http://www.pflotran.org * - A petrophysical relationship - The reference for the model you used, listed with it in :doc:`the petrophysics API `. * - The depth-of-investigation index (``compute_depth_of_investigation``) - Oldenburg, D. W. and Li, Y. (1999). Estimating depth of investigation in DC resistivity and IP surveys. *Geophysics*, 64(2), 403-416. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444545 * - Ensemble Kalman updating, or ES-MDA - Evensen, G. (2003). *Ocean Dynamics*, 53(4), 343-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-003-0036-9; for ES-MDA, Emerick, A. A. and Reynolds, A. C. (2013). Ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation. *Computers and Geosciences*, 55, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.03.011 .. _mt-references: Magnetotellurics references --------------------------- Use the references below for the processing and inversion methods used in :doc:`the MT/AMT workflows `. The table above maps each method to the papers to cite. The processing follows EMTF (Egbert & Booker 1986; Egbert 1997) with a remote reference (Gamble et al. 1979) and bounded-influence weights (Chave & Thomson 2004), with optional jackknife errors (Chave & Thomson 1989), coherence presorting (Egbert & Livelybrooks 1996), multitaper spectra (Thomson 1982), multi-window stacking (Ernst et al. 2001) and noise classes (Chen 2020) judged by McCulloch's (1986) stable index; the 1D inversion is Occam's (Constable et al. 1987) on Wait's (1954) recursion, jointly with TEM after Meju (1996) for the static shift (Sternberg et al. 1988), and for azimuthal anisotropy after Pek & Santos (2002); the phase tensor is Caldwell et al.'s (2004); EMTF XML is Kelbert's (2020) format; the 2D inversion runs on SimPEG (above). The example site NMX20 is from the USMTArray (IRIS SPUD, CC BY 4.0). .. code-block:: bibtex @article{egbert1986robust, author = {Egbert, Gary D. and Booker, John R.}, title = {Robust estimation of geomagnetic transfer functions}, journal = {Geophysical Journal International}, volume = {87}, number = {1}, pages = {173--194}, year = {1986}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04552.x} } @article{egbert1997robust, author = {Egbert, Gary D.}, title = {Robust multiple-station magnetotelluric data processing}, journal = {Geophysical Journal International}, volume = {130}, number = {2}, pages = {475--496}, year = {1997}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05663.x} } @article{gamble1979remote, author = {Gamble, T. D. and Goubau, W. M. and Clarke, J.}, title = {Magnetotellurics with a remote magnetic reference}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {53--68}, year = {1979}, doi = {10.1190/1.1440923} } @article{chave2004bounded, author = {Chave, Alan D. and Thomson, David J.}, title = {Bounded influence magnetotelluric response function estimation}, journal = {Geophysical Journal International}, volume = {157}, number = {3}, pages = {988--1006}, year = {2004}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02203.x} } @article{chave1989comments, author = {Chave, Alan D. and Thomson, David J.}, title = {Some comments on magnetotelluric response function estimation}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth}, volume = {94}, number = {B10}, pages = {14215--14225}, year = {1989}, doi = {10.1029/JB094iB10p14215} } @article{egbert1996single, author = {Egbert, Gary D. and Livelybrooks, Dean W.}, title = {Single station magnetotelluric impedance estimation: Coherence weighting and the regression M-estimate}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {61}, number = {4}, pages = {964--970}, year = {1996}, doi = {10.1190/1.1444045} } @article{thomson1982spectrum, author = {Thomson, David J.}, title = {Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis}, journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE}, volume = {70}, number = {9}, pages = {1055--1096}, year = {1982}, doi = {10.1109/PROC.1982.12433} } @article{ernst2001comparison, author = {Ernst, T. and Sokolova, E. Yu. and Varentsov, Iv. M. and Golubev, N. G.}, title = {Comparison of two techniques for magnetotelluric data processing using synthetic data sets}, journal = {Acta Geophysica Polonica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {213--243}, year = {2001} } @thesis{chen2020nongaussian, author = {Chen, Hang}, title = {Study on the processing method of magnetotelluric impedance estimation for non-Gaussian noise}, type = {Undergraduate thesis}, school = {Central South University}, year = {2020} } @article{mcculloch1986simple, author = {McCulloch, J. Huston}, title = {Simple consistent estimators of stable distribution parameters}, journal = {Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {1109--1136}, year = {1986}, doi = {10.1080/03610918608812563} } @article{constable1987occam, author = {Constable, Steven C. and Parker, Robert L. and Constable, Catherine G.}, title = {Occam's inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {52}, number = {3}, pages = {289--300}, year = {1987}, doi = {10.1190/1.1442303} } @article{wait1954relation, author = {Wait, James R.}, title = {On the relation between telluric currents and the Earth's magnetic field}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {281--289}, year = {1954}, doi = {10.1190/1.1437994} } @article{pek2002magnetotelluric, author = {Pek, Josef and Santos, Fernando A. M.}, title = {Magnetotelluric impedances and parametric sensitivities for 1-{D} anisotropic layered media}, journal = {Computers \& Geosciences}, volume = {28}, number = {8}, pages = {939--950}, year = {2002}, doi = {10.1016/S0098-3004(02)00014-6} } @article{meju1996joint, author = {Meju, Maxwell A.}, title = {Joint inversion of {TEM} and distorted {MT} soundings: Some effective practical considerations}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {61}, number = {1}, pages = {56--65}, year = {1996}, doi = {10.1190/1.1443956} } @article{sternberg1988static, author = {Sternberg, Ben K. and Washburne, James C. and Pellerin, Louise}, title = {Correction for the static shift in magnetotellurics using transient electromagnetic soundings}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {53}, number = {11}, pages = {1459--1468}, year = {1988}, doi = {10.1190/1.1442426} } @article{caldwell2004phase, author = {Caldwell, T. Grant and Bibby, Hugh M. and Brown, Colin}, title = {The magnetotelluric phase tensor}, journal = {Geophysical Journal International}, volume = {158}, number = {2}, pages = {457--469}, year = {2004}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02281.x} } @article{kelbert2020emtf, author = {Kelbert, Anna}, title = {{EMTF XML}: New data interchange format and conversion tools for electromagnetic transfer functions}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {85}, number = {1}, pages = {F1--F17}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.1190/geo2018-0679.1} } @misc{schultz2020usmtarray, author = {Schultz, A. and Pellerin, L. and Bedrosian, P. and Kelbert, A. and Crosbie, J.}, title = {{USMTArray} South Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions}, publisher = {Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience}, year = {2020}, note = {2020--2023}, doi = {10.17611/DP/EMTF/USMTARRAY/SOUTH} } @misc{iris2011emtf, author = {{Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology}}, title = {Data Services Products: {EMTF}, The Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions}, publisher = {Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience}, year = {2011}, doi = {10.17611/DP/EMTF.1} } Pore-fluid properties and grain contacts ---------------------------------------- For the equations, units and calibration limits, see :doc:`methods/petrophysics`. .. rubric:: Batzle-Wang (brine density and elastic modulus) .. code-block:: bibtex @article{batzle1992fluids, author = {Batzle, Michael and Wang, Zhijing}, title = {Seismic properties of pore fluids}, journal = {Geophysics}, volume = {57}, number = {11}, pages = {1396--1408}, year = {1992}, doi = {10.1190/1.1443207} } .. rubric:: Waxman-Thomas (surface conductivity) .. code-block:: bibtex @article{waxman1974conductivities, author = {Waxman, Monroe H. and Thomas, E. C.}, title = {Electrical Conductivities in Shaly Sands: I. The Relation Between Hydrocarbon Saturation and Resistivity Index; II. The Temperature Coefficient of Electrical Conductivity}, journal = {Journal of Petroleum Technology}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {213--225}, year = {1974}, doi = {10.2118/4094-PA} } .. rubric:: ORNL surface-water survey (limiting equivalent ionic conductivities) .. code-block:: bibtex @techreport{kanciruk1986conductance, author = {Kanciruk, Paul and Gentry, Merilyn and McCord, Raymond and Hook, Les and Eilers, Joseph and Best, Mary D.}, title = {National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake Survey---Phase I, Data Base Dictionary}, institution = {Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, number = {ORNL/TM-10153}, year = {1986}, note = {Table 8, CONCAL, page 30}, url = {https://archive.epa.gov/emap/archive-emap/web/pdf/elsi_dd-2.pdf} } .. rubric:: Metrohm conductometry (Kohlrausch square-root correction) .. code-block:: bibtex @manual{metrohmconductometry, author = {Bruttel, Peter}, title = {Conductometry---Conductivity Measurement}, organization = {Metrohm}, number = {8.109.5021}, note = {Revised by Lucia Meier, Sabrina Gschwind and Iris Kalkman; square-root law, page 14}, url = {https://www.metrohm.com/content/dam/metrohm/shared/documents/monographs/81095021EN.pdf} } .. rubric:: Girault electrochemistry (calcium chloride conductivity benchmark) .. code-block:: bibtex @book{girault2004electrochemistry, author = {Girault, Hubert H.}, title = {Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry}, publisher = {EPFL Press}, year = {2004}, doi = {10.55430/6101APEHG} } .. rubric:: Rock Physics Handbook (grain contacts and fluid substitution) .. code-block:: bibtex @book{mavko2009handbook, author = {Mavko, Gary and Mukerji, Tapan and Dvorkin, Jack}, title = {The Rock Physics Handbook: Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, edition = {2}, year = {2009}, doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511626753} }